feat(factors): 实现因子层抽象

核心组件:
- FactorBase: 因子抽象基类(compute方法 + 数据验证)
- FactorRegistry: 因子注册器(注册/获取/按类别筛选)
- FactorCombiner: 因子组合器(加权组合4种方法)

已实现因子:
- MomentumFactor: 加权动量因子(含崩盘过滤)
- TrendFactor: 趋势因子(MA交叉/MACD)
- ReversalFactor: 反转因子(RSI/KDJ)
- VolatilityFactor: 波动率因子(ATR/标准差)

测试覆盖:18个测试全部通过
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"""
因子层抽象设计
核心组件:
- FactorBase: 因子抽象基类
- FactorRegistry: 因子注册器
- FactorCombiner: 因子组合器
"""
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Any
from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class FactorMeta:
"""因子元信息"""
name: str
category: str # 'momentum', 'trend', 'reversal', 'volatility', 'fundamental'
params: Dict[str, Any]
description: str = ""
class FactorBase(ABC):
"""
因子抽象基类
所有因子必须继承此基类实现compute方法。
支持参数配置、数据验证、元信息管理。
"""
# 类属性(可被配置覆盖)
name: str = "base"
category: str = "unknown"
def __init__(self, **params):
"""
初始化因子
Args:
**params: 因子参数如n_days=25, period=14等
"""
self._params = params
self._meta = FactorMeta(
name=self.name,
category=self.category,
params=params,
description=self.__doc__ or ""
)
@abstractmethod
def compute(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
"""
计算因子值
Args:
data: 包含OHLCV数据的DataFrame
Returns:
因子值序列Series
"""
pass
@property
def params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""获取因子参数"""
return self._params
@property
def meta(self) -> FactorMeta:
"""获取因子元信息"""
return self._meta
def validate_data(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> bool:
"""
验证数据是否满足计算要求
Args:
data: 数据DataFrame
Returns:
是否满足要求
"""
# 默认验证:数据长度 >= 最小周期
min_periods = self._params.get('min_periods', 20)
return len(data) >= min_periods
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(name={self.name}, params={self._params})"
class FactorRegistry:
"""
因子注册器
管理所有注册的因子,支持:
- 注册因子类
- 获取因子实例
- 列出可用因子
- 按类别筛选因子
"""
_factors: Dict[str, type] = {}
@classmethod
def register(cls, factor_class: type) -> None:
"""
注册因子类
Args:
factor_class: 因子类必须继承FactorBase
"""
if not isinstance(factor_class, type) or not issubclass(factor_class, FactorBase):
raise TypeError(f"factor_class must be a subclass of FactorBase")
# 创建临时实例获取名称
temp_instance = factor_class()
name = temp_instance.name
cls._factors[name] = factor_class
print(f"✓ 因子已注册: {name} ({factor_class.__name__})")
@classmethod
def get(cls, name: str, **params) -> FactorBase:
"""
获取因子实例
Args:
name: 因子名称
**params: 因子参数
Returns:
因子实例
"""
if name not in cls._factors:
raise KeyError(f"Factor '{name}' not registered. Available: {cls.list()}")
factor_class = cls._factors[name]
return factor_class(**params)
@classmethod
def list(cls, category: str = None) -> List[str]:
"""
列出可用因子
Args:
category: 按类别筛选(可选)
Returns:
因子名称列表
"""
if category:
return [
name for name, factor_class in cls._factors.items()
if factor_class().category == category
]
return list(cls._factors.keys())
@classmethod
def list_by_category(cls) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
"""
按类别列出因子
Returns:
类别→因子列表字典
"""
result = {}
for name, factor_class in cls._factors.items():
cat = factor_class().category
if cat not in result:
result[cat] = []
result[cat].append(name)
return result
@classmethod
def clear(cls) -> None:
"""清空注册表(用于测试)"""
cls._factors.clear()
class FactorCombiner:
"""
因子组合器
支持多因子加权组合,用于:
- 多因子策略
- 因子权重调整
- 因子结果合并
"""
def __init__(
self,
factors: List[FactorBase],
weights: Optional[List[float]] = None,
method: str = 'weighted_sum'
):
"""
初始化因子组合器
Args:
factors: 因子实例列表
weights: 权重列表(默认等权)
method: 组合方法 ('weighted_sum', 'average', 'max', 'min')
"""
self._factors = factors
self._weights = weights or [1.0 / len(factors)] * len(factors)
self._method = method
# 验证权重
if len(self._weights) != len(factors):
raise ValueError(f"weights length ({len(self._weights)}) != factors length ({len(factors)})")
# 归一化权重
total_weight = sum(self._weights)
self._weights = [w / total_weight for w in self._weights]
def compute(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""
计算所有因子并组合
Args:
data: 输入数据
Returns:
包含各因子值和组合因子值的DataFrame
"""
result = pd.DataFrame(index=data.index)
# 计算各因子
for i, factor in enumerate(self._factors):
# 验证数据
if not factor.validate_data(data):
print(f"⚠ 因子 {factor.name} 数据验证失败,跳过")
continue
# 计算因子值
factor_values = factor.compute(data)
result[factor.name] = factor_values
# 加权因子值
result[f"{factor.name}_weighted"] = factor_values * self._weights[i]
# 组合因子值
weighted_cols = [f"{f.name}_weighted" for f in self._factors if f.name in result.columns]
if self._method == 'weighted_sum':
result['combined'] = result[weighted_cols].sum(axis=1)
elif self._method == 'average':
factor_cols = [f.name for f in self._factors if f.name in result.columns]
result['combined'] = result[factor_cols].mean(axis=1)
elif self._method == 'max':
factor_cols = [f.name for f in self._factors if f.name in result.columns]
result['combined'] = result[factor_cols].max(axis=1)
elif self._method == 'min':
factor_cols = [f.name for f in self._factors if f.name in result.columns]
result['combined'] = result[factor_cols].min(axis=1)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown method: {self._method}")
return result
@property
def factors(self) -> List[FactorBase]:
"""获取因子列表"""
return self._factors
@property
def weights(self) -> List[float]:
"""获取权重列表"""
return self._weights
def set_weights(self, weights: List[float]) -> None:
"""设置权重"""
if len(weights) != len(self._factors):
raise ValueError(f"weights length must equal factors length")
total = sum(weights)
self._weights = [w / total for w in weights]
def __repr__(self) -> str:
factor_names = [f.name for f in self._factors]
return f"FactorCombiner(factors={factor_names}, weights={self._weights})"

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"""
动量因子实现
基于加权线性回归动量的因子
"""
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import math
from typing import Optional
from framework.factors import FactorBase
class MomentumFactor(FactorBase):
"""
动量因子
计算加权线性回归动量得分:
得分 = 年化收益率 ×
参数:
- n_days: 动量窗口默认25
- weighted: 是否加权默认True
- crash_filter: 是否启用崩盘过滤默认True
"""
name = "momentum"
category = "momentum"
def __init__(
self,
n_days: int = 25,
weighted: bool = True,
crash_filter: bool = True
):
super().__init__(n_days=n_days, weighted=weighted, crash_filter=crash_filter)
self.n_days = n_days
self.weighted = weighted
self.crash_filter = crash_filter
def compute(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
"""计算动量因子值"""
if 'close' not in data.columns:
raise ValueError("data must contain 'close' column")
prices = data['close']
if self.weighted:
# 加权动量得分
factor_values = prices.rolling(self.n_days).apply(
lambda x: self._weighted_momentum_score(x.values),
raw=False
)
else:
# 简单动量
factor_values = prices.pct_change(self.n_days)
# 应用崩盘过滤
if self.crash_filter:
factor_values = self._apply_crash_filter(prices, factor_values)
return factor_values
def _weighted_momentum_score(self, prices: np.ndarray) -> float:
"""计算加权动量得分"""
if len(prices) < 5:
return 0.0
y = np.log(prices)
x = np.arange(len(y))
weights = np.linspace(1, 2, len(y))
# 加权线性回归
slope, intercept = np.polyfit(x, y, 1, w=weights)
annualized_returns = math.exp(slope * 250) - 1
# 加权R²
y_pred = slope * x + intercept
ss_res = np.sum(weights * (y - y_pred) ** 2)
ss_tot = np.sum(weights * (y - np.average(y, weights=weights)) ** 2)
r2 = 1 - ss_res / ss_tot if ss_tot > 0 else 0
return annualized_returns * r2
def _apply_crash_filter(
self,
prices: pd.Series,
factor_values: pd.Series
) -> pd.Series:
"""崩盘过滤连续3天跌>5%清零"""
result = factor_values.copy()
for i in range(3, len(prices)):
r1 = prices.iloc[i] / prices.iloc[i-1]
r2 = prices.iloc[i-1] / prices.iloc[i-2]
r3 = prices.iloc[i-2] / prices.iloc[i-3]
# 条件1任一天跌>5%
con1 = min(r1, r2, r3) < 0.95
# 条件2连续下跌且累计跌>5%
con2 = (r1 < 1) and (r2 < 1) and (r3 < 1) and (prices.iloc[i] / prices.iloc[i-3] < 0.95)
if con1 or con2:
result.iloc[i] = 0.0
return result
class TrendFactor(FactorBase):
"""
趋势因子
计算趋势强度:
- MA交叉偏离度
- MACD趋势
参数:
- method: 趋势方法('ma_cross', 'macd'
- fast: 快线周期默认5
- slow: 慢线周期默认20
"""
name = "trend"
category = "trend"
def __init__(
self,
method: str = 'ma_cross',
fast: int = 5,
slow: int = 20
):
super().__init__(method=method, fast=fast, slow=slow)
self.method = method
self.fast = fast
self.slow = slow
def compute(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
"""计算趋势因子值"""
if 'close' not in data.columns:
raise ValueError("data must contain 'close' column")
prices = data['close']
if self.method == 'ma_cross':
# MA交叉偏离度
fast_ma = prices.rolling(self.fast).mean()
slow_ma = prices.rolling(self.slow).mean()
trend_strength = (fast_ma - slow_ma) / slow_ma
return trend_strength
elif self.method == 'macd':
# MACD趋势
ema12 = prices.ewm(span=12).mean()
ema26 = prices.ewm(span=26).mean()
macd = ema12 - ema26
signal = macd.ewm(span=9).mean()
return macd - signal
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown method: {self.method}")
class ReversalFactor(FactorBase):
"""
反转因子
计算超买超卖信号:
- RSI偏离度
- KDJ
参数:
- method: 反转方法('rsi', 'kdj'
- period: 周期默认14
- overbought: 超买阈值默认70
- oversold: 超卖阈值默认30
"""
name = "reversal"
category = "reversal"
def __init__(
self,
method: str = 'rsi',
period: int = 14,
overbought: float = 70,
oversold: float = 30
):
super().__init__(method=method, period=period, overbought=overbought, oversold=oversold)
self.method = method
self.period = period
self.overbought = overbought
self.oversold = oversold
def compute(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
"""计算反转因子值"""
if 'close' not in data.columns:
raise ValueError("data must contain 'close' column")
prices = data['close']
if self.method == 'rsi':
# RSI反转信号
rsi = self._compute_rsi(prices, self.period)
# 超买超卖偏离度
# 超买 → 负值(反转向下信号)
# 超卖 → 正值(反转向上信号)
reversal_signal = pd.Series(index=prices.index, dtype=float)
reversal_signal = np.where(
rsi > self.overbought,
-(rsi - self.overbought) / (100 - self.overbought), # 超买:负值
np.where(
rsi < self.oversold,
(self.oversold - rsi) / self.oversold, # 超卖:正值
0 # 正常区间0
)
)
return pd.Series(reversal_signal, index=prices.index)
elif self.method == 'kdj':
# KDJ反转信号
return self._compute_kdj(data)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown method: {self.method}")
def _compute_rsi(self, prices: pd.Series, period: int) -> pd.Series:
"""计算RSI"""
delta = prices.diff()
gain = delta.where(delta > 0, 0)
loss = (-delta).where(delta < 0, 0)
avg_gain = gain.rolling(period).mean()
avg_loss = loss.rolling(period).mean()
rs = avg_gain / avg_loss
rsi = 100 - (100 / (1 + rs))
return rsi
def _compute_kdj(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
"""计算KDJ反转信号"""
low = data['low']
high = data['high']
close = data['close']
# 计算K、D、J
low_min = low.rolling(self.period).min()
high_max = high.rolling(self.period).max()
rsv = (close - low_min) / (high_max - low_min) * 100
k = rsv.ewm(alpha=1/3).mean()
d = k.ewm(alpha=1/3).mean()
j = 3 * k - 2 * d
# J值偏离度作为反转信号
return j
class VolatilityFactor(FactorBase):
"""
波动率因子
计算价格波动率:
- ATR
- 标准差
参数:
- method: 波动率方法('atr', 'std'
- period: 周期默认20
"""
name = "volatility"
category = "volatility"
def __init__(
self,
method: str = 'std',
period: int = 20
):
super().__init__(method=method, period=period)
self.method = method
self.period = period
def compute(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
"""计算波动率因子值"""
if self.method == 'std':
# 标准差波动率
return data['close'].rolling(self.period).std()
elif self.method == 'atr':
# ATR波动率
return self._compute_atr(data)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown method: {self.method}")
def _compute_atr(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
"""计算ATR"""
high = data['high']
low = data['low']
close = data['close']
prev_close = close.shift(1)
tr = pd.concat([
high - low,
(high - prev_close).abs(),
(low - prev_close).abs()
], axis=1).max(axis=1)
return tr.rolling(self.period).mean()

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"""
因子层测试
测试FactorBase、FactorRegistry、FactorCombiner
"""
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import pytest
from framework.factors import FactorBase, FactorRegistry, FactorCombiner
from framework.factors.momentum import MomentumFactor, TrendFactor, ReversalFactor, VolatilityFactor
class TestFactorBase:
"""测试FactorBase抽象基类"""
def test_factor_meta(self):
"""测试因子元信息"""
factor = MomentumFactor(n_days=25)
assert factor.name == "momentum"
assert factor.category == "momentum"
assert factor.params == {'n_days': 25, 'weighted': True, 'crash_filter': True}
def test_factor_repr(self):
"""测试因子字符串表示"""
factor = MomentumFactor(n_days=30)
repr_str = repr(factor)
assert "MomentumFactor" in repr_str
assert "momentum" in repr_str
def test_validate_data(self):
"""测试数据验证"""
factor = MomentumFactor(n_days=25)
# 数据充足
data = pd.DataFrame({
'close': np.random.randn(100).cumsum() + 100
})
assert factor.validate_data(data) == True
# 数据不足
short_data = pd.DataFrame({
'close': np.random.randn(10).cumsum() + 100
})
assert factor.validate_data(short_data) == False
class TestFactorRegistry:
"""测试因子注册器"""
def setup_method(self):
"""每个测试前清空注册表"""
FactorRegistry.clear()
def test_register_factor(self):
"""测试因子注册"""
FactorRegistry.register(MomentumFactor)
assert 'momentum' in FactorRegistry.list()
def test_get_factor(self):
"""测试获取因子实例"""
FactorRegistry.register(MomentumFactor)
factor = FactorRegistry.get('momentum', n_days=30)
assert isinstance(factor, MomentumFactor)
assert factor.n_days == 30
def test_get_unknown_factor(self):
"""测试获取未注册因子"""
FactorRegistry.register(MomentumFactor)
with pytest.raises(KeyError):
FactorRegistry.get('unknown_factor')
def test_list_by_category(self):
"""测试按类别列出因子"""
FactorRegistry.register(MomentumFactor)
FactorRegistry.register(TrendFactor)
FactorRegistry.register(ReversalFactor)
categories = FactorRegistry.list_by_category()
assert 'momentum' in categories
assert 'trend' in categories
assert 'reversal' in categories
def test_register_invalid_factor(self):
"""测试注册无效因子"""
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
FactorRegistry.register(str) # 不是FactorBase子类
class TestFactorCombiner:
"""测试因子组合器"""
def setup_method(self):
"""每个测试前清空注册表"""
FactorRegistry.clear()
def test_combiner_init(self):
"""测试组合器初始化"""
factors = [
MomentumFactor(n_days=25),
TrendFactor(method='ma_cross')
]
combiner = FactorCombiner(factors, weights=[0.7, 0.3])
assert len(combiner.factors) == 2
assert combiner.weights == [0.7, 0.3] # 未归一化时
def test_combiner_equal_weights(self):
"""测试等权组合"""
factors = [
MomentumFactor(n_days=25),
TrendFactor()
]
combiner = FactorCombiner(factors) # 默认等权
# 权重应该归一化
assert sum(combiner.weights) == 1.0
def test_combiner_compute(self):
"""测试因子组合计算"""
# 生成测试数据
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
data = pd.DataFrame({
'close': np.random.randn(100).cumsum() + 100,
'high': np.random.randn(100).cumsum() + 105,
'low': np.random.randn(100).cumsum() + 95
}, index=dates)
factors = [
MomentumFactor(n_days=20),
TrendFactor(fast=5, slow=10)
]
combiner = FactorCombiner(factors, weights=[0.6, 0.4])
result = combiner.compute(data)
# 检查结果列
assert 'momentum' in result.columns
assert 'trend' in result.columns
assert 'combined' in result.columns
# 检查加权列
assert 'momentum_weighted' in result.columns
assert 'trend_weighted' in result.columns
def test_combiner_method_max(self):
"""测试max组合方法"""
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
data = pd.DataFrame({
'close': np.random.randn(100).cumsum() + 100
}, index=dates)
factors = [
MomentumFactor(n_days=20),
TrendFactor()
]
combiner = FactorCombiner(factors, method='max')
result = combiner.compute(data)
# combined应该是momentum和trend的最大值
factor_cols = ['momentum', 'trend']
expected_max = result[factor_cols].max(axis=1)
pd.testing.assert_series_equal(result['combined'], expected_max, check_names=False)
class TestMomentumFactor:
"""测试动量因子"""
def test_momentum_compute(self):
"""测试动量因子计算"""
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
# 生成上升趋势数据
prices = 100 + np.arange(100) * 0.5
data = pd.DataFrame({'close': prices}, index=dates)
factor = MomentumFactor(n_days=25, weighted=True)
values = factor.compute(data)
# 上升趋势应该有正的动量得分
assert values.iloc[-1] > 0
def test_crash_filter(self):
"""测试崩盘过滤"""
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
# 生成正常数据,然后在末尾添加崩盘
prices = 100 + np.random.randn(100).cumsum()
prices[-3:] = prices[-4] * np.array([0.96, 0.93, 0.90]) # 连续大跌
data = pd.DataFrame({'close': prices}, index=dates)
factor = MomentumFactor(n_days=25, crash_filter=True)
values = factor.compute(data)
# 崩盘后动量得分应该被清零
assert values.iloc[-1] == 0.0
def test_simple_momentum(self):
"""测试简单动量(无加权,无崩盘过滤)"""
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
prices = 100 + np.random.randn(100).cumsum()
data = pd.DataFrame({'close': prices}, index=dates)
factor = MomentumFactor(n_days=25, weighted=False, crash_filter=False)
values = factor.compute(data)
# 简单动量应该是N日涨幅无崩盘过滤时
expected = data['close'].pct_change(25)
# 验证前25个值都是NaN
assert values.iloc[:25].isna().all()
# 验证后续值大致正确
assert len(values) == len(expected)
class TestTrendFactor:
"""测试趋势因子"""
def test_ma_cross(self):
"""测试MA交叉趋势"""
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
# 生成上升趋势
prices = 100 + np.arange(100) * 0.5
data = pd.DataFrame({'close': prices}, index=dates)
factor = TrendFactor(method='ma_cross', fast=5, slow=20)
values = factor.compute(data)
# 上升趋势应该有正的趋势强度
assert values.iloc[-1] > 0
def test_macd(self):
"""测试MACD趋势"""
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
prices = 100 + np.random.randn(100).cumsum()
data = pd.DataFrame({'close': prices}, index=dates)
factor = TrendFactor(method='macd')
values = factor.compute(data)
# 检查计算结果
assert len(values) == len(data)
assert not values.iloc[:26].isna().all() # MACD应该有值
class TestReversalFactor:
"""测试反转因子"""
def test_rsi_reversal(self):
"""测试RSI反转信号"""
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
# 生成超买数据(持续上涨)
prices = 100 + np.arange(100) * 1.0
data = pd.DataFrame({'close': prices}, index=dates)
factor = ReversalFactor(method='rsi', period=14, overbought=70)
values = factor.compute(data)
# RSI超过70应该产生负值反转向下信号
assert values.iloc[-1] < 0
def test_rsi_oversold(self):
"""测试RSI超卖信号"""
dates = pd.date_range('2020-01-01', periods=100)
# 生成超卖数据(持续下跌)
prices = 100 - np.arange(100) * 1.0
data = pd.DataFrame({'close': prices}, index=dates)
factor = ReversalFactor(method='rsi', period=14, oversold=30)
values = factor.compute(data)
# RSI低于30应该产生正值反转向上信号
assert values.iloc[-1] > 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main([__file__, '-v'])