feat(skills): add deep-research skill
Copy deep-research skill from local Qoder installation to config repo for version control
This commit is contained in:
415
skills/deep-research/templates/prisma_report_template.md
Normal file
415
skills/deep-research/templates/prisma_report_template.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
|
||||
# PRISMA 2020 — Systematic Review Report Template
|
||||
|
||||
## Purpose
|
||||
|
||||
Template for writing a systematic review report following PRISMA 2020 (Page et al., 2021). All 27 PRISMA items are mapped to their corresponding sections. Use alongside `references/systematic_review_toolkit.md` for detailed guidance.
|
||||
|
||||
**Reference**: Page et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Title [PRISMA Item 1]
|
||||
|
||||
**[Full title identifying the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both]**
|
||||
|
||||
Example: "The Effect of [Intervention] on [Outcome] in [Population]: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Abstract [PRISMA Item 2]
|
||||
|
||||
### Background
|
||||
[1-2 sentences on context and why the review was done]
|
||||
|
||||
### Objectives
|
||||
[Research question(s), ideally structured as PICOS]
|
||||
|
||||
### Data Sources
|
||||
[Databases searched and dates of last search]
|
||||
|
||||
### Study Selection
|
||||
[Eligibility criteria in brief]
|
||||
|
||||
### Data Extraction and Synthesis
|
||||
[Methods used for data extraction, risk of bias, and synthesis]
|
||||
|
||||
### Results
|
||||
[Number of studies included, key findings, effect estimates with CIs, certainty of evidence]
|
||||
|
||||
### Limitations
|
||||
[Key limitations of the evidence and/or the review process]
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusions
|
||||
[General interpretation and implications]
|
||||
|
||||
### Registration
|
||||
[Protocol registration number and repository]
|
||||
|
||||
**Keywords**: [3-5 keywords]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 1. Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.1 Rationale [PRISMA Item 3]
|
||||
|
||||
[Describe the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge. Address:]
|
||||
- What is the problem or question?
|
||||
- What is already known (with references to existing reviews)?
|
||||
- Why is this review needed (e.g., no existing review, existing review outdated, conflicting evidence)?
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.2 Objectives [PRISMA Item 4]
|
||||
|
||||
[Provide an explicit statement of the question(s) using PICOS:]
|
||||
|
||||
- **Population**: [target population]
|
||||
- **Intervention/Exposure**: [intervention or exposure of interest]
|
||||
- **Comparator**: [comparison group]
|
||||
- **Outcome(s)**: [primary and secondary outcomes]
|
||||
- **Study Design**: [eligible study designs]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 2. Methods
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.1 Eligibility Criteria [PRISMA Item 5]
|
||||
|
||||
| Criterion | Include | Exclude |
|
||||
|-----------|---------|---------|
|
||||
| Study design | [e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental] | [e.g., case reports, editorials] |
|
||||
| Population | [describe] | [describe] |
|
||||
| Intervention | [describe] | [describe] |
|
||||
| Comparator | [describe] | [describe] |
|
||||
| Outcome | [describe] | [describe] |
|
||||
| Time frame | [e.g., published 2014-2024] | [before cutoff] |
|
||||
| Language | [e.g., English] | [other] |
|
||||
| Setting | [describe] | [describe] |
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.2 Information Sources [PRISMA Item 6]
|
||||
|
||||
[List all databases and other sources searched, with dates of coverage and last search date:]
|
||||
|
||||
| Source | Date Range | Last Searched |
|
||||
|--------|-----------|---------------|
|
||||
| [Database 1] | [start]-[end] | [date] |
|
||||
| [Database 2] | [start]-[end] | [date] |
|
||||
| [Other sources: reference lists, expert contact, grey literature] | — | [date] |
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.3 Search Strategy [PRISMA Item 7]
|
||||
|
||||
[Present the complete search strategy for at least one database. Include all search terms, Boolean operators, and any filters applied.]
|
||||
|
||||
**[Database Name] Search Strategy**:
|
||||
```
|
||||
#1 [search block 1 - Population terms]
|
||||
#2 [search block 2 - Intervention terms]
|
||||
#3 [search block 3 - Outcome terms]
|
||||
#4 #1 AND #2 AND #3
|
||||
#5 #4 with filters: [date, language, document type]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[Search strategies for other databases are available in Appendix A.]
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.4 Selection Process [PRISMA Item 8]
|
||||
|
||||
[Describe the study selection process:]
|
||||
- Number of reviewers at each stage
|
||||
- How independence was maintained
|
||||
- How disagreements were resolved
|
||||
- Software used (e.g., Covidence, Rayyan)
|
||||
- Pilot testing of screening criteria
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.5 Data Collection Process [PRISMA Item 9]
|
||||
|
||||
[Describe methods for extracting data from reports:]
|
||||
- Data extraction form (developed, piloted)
|
||||
- Number of extractors and independence
|
||||
- Process for resolving discrepancies
|
||||
- How missing data were handled (e.g., contacted authors)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.6 Data Items [PRISMA Item 10]
|
||||
|
||||
[List all variables for which data were sought:]
|
||||
|
||||
| Category | Variables |
|
||||
|----------|----------|
|
||||
| Study-level | Authors, year, country, design, setting, funding |
|
||||
| Participants | N, age, gender, diagnosis/condition, attrition |
|
||||
| Intervention | Type, duration, frequency, fidelity |
|
||||
| Outcomes | Definition, measurement tool, time points |
|
||||
| Results | Effect sizes, CIs, p-values, raw data |
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.7 Study Risk of Bias Assessment [PRISMA Item 11]
|
||||
|
||||
[Describe the risk of bias assessment:]
|
||||
- Tool(s) used: [RoB 2 for RCTs / ROBINS-I for non-randomized / other]
|
||||
- Domains assessed
|
||||
- Number of assessors and independence
|
||||
- How results were used in the synthesis
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.8 Effect Measures [PRISMA Item 12]
|
||||
|
||||
[Specify the effect measure(s) for each outcome:]
|
||||
|
||||
| Outcome | Type | Effect Measure | Justification |
|
||||
|---------|------|---------------|---------------|
|
||||
| [Outcome 1] | Continuous | SMD (Hedges' g) | Different scales across studies |
|
||||
| [Outcome 2] | Binary | RR | Incidence data |
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.9 Synthesis Methods [PRISMA Items 13a-13f]
|
||||
|
||||
**13a. Eligibility for synthesis**: [Criteria for grouping studies into each synthesis]
|
||||
|
||||
**13b. Data preparation**: [Methods to prepare data, e.g., converting SE to SD, handling multi-arm studies]
|
||||
|
||||
**13c. Tabulation/visualization**: [Methods for displaying individual study and synthesis results, e.g., forest plots, summary tables]
|
||||
|
||||
**13d. Synthesis approach**: [Statistical model and software]
|
||||
- Model: [Fixed-effect / Random-effects (DerSimonian-Laird / REML)]
|
||||
- Software: [R metafor / RevMan / Stata]
|
||||
- OR if narrative: [SWiM approach, vote counting, effect direction plot]
|
||||
|
||||
**13e. Heterogeneity exploration**: [Methods used]
|
||||
- Subgroup analyses: [pre-specified subgroups and rationale]
|
||||
- Meta-regression: [covariates tested, if applicable]
|
||||
|
||||
**13f. Sensitivity analyses**: [Planned sensitivity analyses]
|
||||
1. Leave-one-out analysis
|
||||
2. Excluding high risk of bias studies
|
||||
3. Fixed-effect vs. random-effects comparison
|
||||
4. [Other analyses]
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.10 Reporting Bias Assessment [PRISMA Item 14]
|
||||
|
||||
[Methods to assess publication bias:]
|
||||
- Funnel plot (visual inspection)
|
||||
- Statistical test: [Egger's / Peter's / trim-and-fill]
|
||||
- Comparison of protocol to published reports
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.11 Certainty Assessment [PRISMA Item 15]
|
||||
|
||||
[Framework used to assess certainty of evidence:]
|
||||
- GRADE approach
|
||||
- Factors assessed: risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, publication bias
|
||||
- Rating up factors (for observational studies): large effect, dose-response, plausible confounding
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 3. Results
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.1 Study Selection [PRISMA Item 16a, 16b]
|
||||
|
||||
#### PRISMA Flow Diagram
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ IDENTIFICATION │
|
||||
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||||
│ Records identified from databases (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Database 1 (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Database 2 (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Database 3 (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Records identified from other sources (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Reference lists (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Expert recommendations (n = ) │
|
||||
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
│
|
||||
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ Records removed before screening: │
|
||||
│ Duplicate records (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Records marked ineligible by automation (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Records removed for other reasons (n = ) │
|
||||
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
│
|
||||
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ SCREENING │
|
||||
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||||
│ Records screened (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Records excluded (n = ) │
|
||||
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
│
|
||||
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ Reports sought for retrieval (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Reports not retrieved (n = ) │
|
||||
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
│
|
||||
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ Reports assessed for eligibility (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Reports excluded, with reasons (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Reason 1 (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Reason 2 (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Reason 3 (n = ) │
|
||||
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
│
|
||||
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ INCLUDED │
|
||||
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||||
│ Studies included in review (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Reports of included studies (n = ) │
|
||||
│ Studies in quantitative synthesis (n = ) │
|
||||
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[PRISMA Item 16b: Cite studies that appeared to meet inclusion criteria but were excluded, with reasons.]
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.2 Study Characteristics [PRISMA Item 17]
|
||||
|
||||
**Table: Characteristics of Included Studies**
|
||||
|
||||
| Study | Country | Design | Population (N) | Intervention | Comparator | Outcome(s) | Follow-up | Funding |
|
||||
|-------|---------|--------|----------------|-------------|-----------|------------|-----------|---------|
|
||||
| Author1 (Year) | [country] | [design] | [N] | [intervention] | [comparator] | [outcomes] | [duration] | [source] |
|
||||
| Author2 (Year) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.3 Risk of Bias in Studies [PRISMA Item 18]
|
||||
|
||||
**Table: Risk of Bias Summary (Traffic-Light)**
|
||||
|
||||
| Study | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | Overall |
|
||||
|-------|----|----|----|----|----|---------|
|
||||
| Author1 (Year) | [L/S/H] | [L/S/H] | [L/S/H] | [L/S/H] | [L/S/H] | [L/S/H] |
|
||||
| Author2 (Year) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
|
||||
|
||||
L = Low risk, S = Some concerns, H = High risk
|
||||
|
||||
[Narrative summary of risk of bias findings across studies]
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.4 Results of Individual Studies [PRISMA Item 19]
|
||||
|
||||
**Table: Individual Study Results**
|
||||
|
||||
| Study | Outcome | Effect Estimate | 95% CI | p-value | Weight |
|
||||
|-------|---------|----------------|--------|---------|--------|
|
||||
| Author1 (Year) | [outcome] | [estimate] | [lower, upper] | [p] | [%] |
|
||||
| Author2 (Year) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.5 Results of Syntheses [PRISMA Items 20a-20d]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Primary Outcome: [Name]
|
||||
|
||||
**20a. Study characteristics**: [Brief summary of contributing studies' characteristics and risk of bias]
|
||||
|
||||
**20b. Pooled result**:
|
||||
- Pooled effect: [estimate] (95% CI: [lower, upper])
|
||||
- Statistical significance: Z = [value], p = [value]
|
||||
- Heterogeneity: I² = [value]% (95% CI: [lower, upper]), Q = [value] (df = [n], p = [value]), tau² = [value]
|
||||
- Prediction interval: [lower, upper]
|
||||
|
||||
**Forest Plot**: [Insert or reference forest plot]
|
||||
|
||||
**20c. Heterogeneity investigation**:
|
||||
- Subgroup analyses: [results]
|
||||
- Meta-regression: [results, if conducted]
|
||||
|
||||
**20d. Sensitivity analyses**:
|
||||
1. Leave-one-out: [results — did any single study substantially change the estimate?]
|
||||
2. Excluding high-risk studies: [revised estimate]
|
||||
3. Fixed vs. random effects: [comparison]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Secondary Outcome(s): [Name]
|
||||
|
||||
[Repeat structure above for each secondary outcome]
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.6 Reporting Biases [PRISMA Item 21]
|
||||
|
||||
[Report assessments of publication bias:]
|
||||
- Funnel plot: [description of symmetry/asymmetry]
|
||||
- Statistical test: [result]
|
||||
- Trim-and-fill: [adjusted estimate, if applicable]
|
||||
- Other assessments: [protocol-outcome comparison]
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.7 Certainty of Evidence [PRISMA Item 22]
|
||||
|
||||
**GRADE Summary of Findings Table**
|
||||
|
||||
| Outcome | Studies (n) | Participants (N) | Effect (95% CI) | Certainty | Rationale |
|
||||
|---------|------------|-------------------|-----------------|-----------|-----------|
|
||||
| [Outcome 1] | [n] | [N] | [estimate (CI)] | [High/Moderate/Low/Very Low] | [Reasons for up/downgrading] |
|
||||
| [Outcome 2] | [n] | [N] | [estimate (CI)] | [level] | [reasons] |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 4. Discussion [PRISMA Item 23]
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 Summary of Evidence
|
||||
|
||||
[Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence. Address:]
|
||||
- Main findings for each outcome
|
||||
- How findings compare to previous reviews
|
||||
- Consistency of findings across studies
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 Limitations
|
||||
|
||||
**Limitations of the evidence**:
|
||||
- [e.g., risk of bias across studies, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision]
|
||||
|
||||
**Limitations of the review process**:
|
||||
- [e.g., language restrictions, database coverage, inability to contact authors]
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.3 Implications
|
||||
|
||||
**For practice**:
|
||||
- [What practitioners should do based on these findings]
|
||||
|
||||
**For research**:
|
||||
- [Gaps identified, recommended future study designs]
|
||||
|
||||
**For policy**:
|
||||
- [Policy implications, if applicable]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 5. Other Information
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.1 Registration and Protocol [PRISMA Item 24]
|
||||
|
||||
[Provide registration information and link to protocol:]
|
||||
- Registry: [e.g., PROSPERO]
|
||||
- Registration number: [number]
|
||||
- Protocol URL: [link]
|
||||
- Deviations from protocol: [describe any deviations and rationale]
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.2 Support [PRISMA Item 25]
|
||||
|
||||
[Describe sources of support:]
|
||||
- Financial: [funding sources and grant numbers]
|
||||
- Non-financial: [e.g., institutional support, access to databases]
|
||||
- Role of funder: [describe any role of funders in the review]
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.3 Competing Interests [PRISMA Item 26]
|
||||
|
||||
[Declare competing interests of all authors]
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.4 Availability of Data and Materials [PRISMA Item 27]
|
||||
|
||||
[Report availability of:]
|
||||
- [ ] Data extraction forms
|
||||
- [ ] Extracted data from included studies
|
||||
- [ ] Analysis code
|
||||
- [ ] List of excluded studies with reasons
|
||||
- [ ] PRISMA checklist (completed)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Appendices
|
||||
|
||||
### Appendix A: Full Search Strategies
|
||||
|
||||
[Complete search strategies for all databases]
|
||||
|
||||
### Appendix B: Excluded Studies with Reasons
|
||||
|
||||
| Study | Reason for Exclusion |
|
||||
|-------|---------------------|
|
||||
| [citation] | [reason] |
|
||||
|
||||
### Appendix C: PRISMA 2020 Checklist
|
||||
|
||||
[Completed PRISMA 2020 checklist with page/section numbers for each item]
|
||||
|
||||
| Item # | Checklist Item | Reported on Page/Section |
|
||||
|--------|---------------|-------------------------|
|
||||
| 1 | Title | [page] |
|
||||
| 2 | Abstract | [page] |
|
||||
| ... | ... | ... |
|
||||
| 27 | Availability | [page] |
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user