feat: 新增 standardized_slope (t-statistic) 因子并实验验证

- simple_rotation.py: 新增 standardized_slope_score 函数 (slope/SE)
- config_loader.py: FactorType 枚举新增 STANDARDIZED_SLOPE
- 对比实验结果: standardized_slope 年化 13.73% vs slope_r2 19.84%
- 结论: t-statistic 过度惩罚高波动资产的有效趋势信号，不适合本场景
- 文档更新: 动量因子对比调研报告新增 3.3 节详细分析

rotation/experiments/std_slope_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""
+slope_r2 vs standardized_slope 对比实验
+
+测试两种信号质量优化的回测表现：
+1. slope_r2: slope × R² (当前默认)
+2. standardized_slope: slope / SE(slope) (t-statistic)
+
+运行方式:
+    cd /Users/aszer/code/etf
+    set -a && source .env && set +a
+    python3 rotation/experiments/std_slope_test.py
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import json
+import yaml
+from pathlib import Path
+from datetime import datetime
+
+PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
+sys.path.insert(0, str(PROJECT_ROOT))
+
+from rotation.simple_rotation import SimpleRotationStrategy
+
+FACTOR_TYPES = [
+    ("slope_r2", "slope_r2 (slope×R², 当前默认)"),
+    ("standardized_slope", "standardized_slope (t-statistic)"),
+]
+
+
+def run_factor_experiment(factor_type: str):
+    """Run backtest with a specific factor type"""
+    print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+    print(f"  Testing: {factor_type}")
+    print(f"{'='*60}")
+
+    config_path = PROJECT_ROOT / "rotation" / "config_simple.yaml"
+    with open(config_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        config = yaml.safe_load(f)
+
+    original_type = config['factor']['type']
+    config['factor']['type'] = factor_type
+
+    with open(config_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        yaml.dump(config, f, allow_unicode=True, default_flow_style=False)
+
+    try:
+        strategy = SimpleRotationStrategy()
+        result = strategy.run()
+        if result:
+            metrics = result.get('metrics', {})
+            return {
+                'factor_type': factor_type,
+                'annual_return': metrics.get('annual_return', 0),
+                'total_return': metrics.get('total_return', 0),
+                'sharpe_ratio': metrics.get('sharpe_ratio', 0),
+                'max_drawdown': metrics.get('max_drawdown', 0),
+                'win_rate': metrics.get('win_rate', 0),
+                'rebalance_count': metrics.get('rebalance_count', 0),
+                'calmar_ratio': metrics.get('calmar_ratio', 0),
+            }
+    finally:
+        config['factor']['type'] = original_type
+        with open(config_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            yaml.dump(config, f, allow_unicode=True, default_flow_style=False)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def main():
+    if 'FLASK_API_URL' not in os.environ:
+        os.environ['FLASK_API_URL'] = 'https://k3s.tokenpluse.xyz'
+
+    print("="*60)
+    print("  slope_r2 vs standardized_slope 对比实验")
+    print("="*60)
+
+    results = []
+    for factor_type, description in FACTOR_TYPES:
+        print(f"\n>>> {description}")
+        result = run_factor_experiment(factor_type)
+        if result:
+            results.append(result)
+            print(f"  ✓ {factor_type}: 年化={result['annual_return']:.2%}, "
+                  f"夏普={result['sharpe_ratio']:.2f}, 回撤={result['max_drawdown']:.2%}")
+        else:
+            print(f"  ✗ {factor_type}: 运行失败")
+
+    print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+    print("  对比结果汇总")
+    print(f"{'='*60}")
+    print(f"{'因子类型':<25} {'年化收益':>10} {'夏普比率':>8} {'最大回撤':>10} {'Calmar':>8} {'调仓次数':>8} {'胜率':>6}")
+    print("-"*80)
+    for r in results:
+        print(f"{r['factor_type']:<25} "
+              f"{r['annual_return']:>9.2%} "
+              f"{r['sharpe_ratio']:>8.2f} "
+              f"{r['max_drawdown']:>9.2%} "
+              f"{r['calmar_ratio']:>8.2f} "
+              f"{r['rebalance_count']:>8d} "
+              f"{r['win_rate']:>5.1%}")
+
+    if len(results) >= 2:
+        base = results[0]
+        new = results[1]
+        print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+        print("  变化对比 (standardized_slope vs slope_r2)")
+        print(f"{'='*60}")
+        print(f"  年化收益: {base['annual_return']:.2%} → {new['annual_return']:.2%}  "
+              f"(Δ={new['annual_return']-base['annual_return']:+.2%})")
+        print(f"  夏普比率: {base['sharpe_ratio']:.2f} → {new['sharpe_ratio']:.2f}  "
+              f"(Δ={new['sharpe_ratio']-base['sharpe_ratio']:+.2f})")
+        print(f"  最大回撤: {base['max_drawdown']:.2%} → {new['max_drawdown']:.2%}  "
+              f"(Δ={new['max_drawdown']-base['max_drawdown']:+.2%})")
+        print(f"  调仓次数: {base['rebalance_count']} → {new['rebalance_count']}  "
+              f"(Δ={new['rebalance_count']-base['rebalance_count']:+d})")
+
+    output_dir = PROJECT_ROOT / "rotation" / "experiments" / "output"
+    output_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    output_path = output_dir / "std_slope_test_results.json"
+    with open(output_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        json.dump({'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat(), 'results': results},
+                  f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+    print(f"\n结果已保存: {output_path}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()